Mesothelioma Not Caused by Asbestos Mesothelioma is more prevalent in people with a history asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers that adhere to the lining of the lung (pleura) cause malignant pleural mesothelioma. those that get into the stomach lining or heart (peritoneal and mesothelioma of the pericardium) are less common. Consult